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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...6 \% e' r5 m. d* F  h" V8 K, X# Z
meripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20
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8 K, g3 ?! A: u: K- \5 s: }" ^    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史
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$ E3 V8 c  }  r0 a4 j(注意我标注的红色文字)$ j& Q. m8 ~; L0 q6 q

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2 M. n1 b9 C6 ^, b2 _Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
+ ]3 I  g: z; Q  O( vState the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources 9 _7 \, P2 v0 Q: ^
amber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China .
5 O1 S6 M5 U1 Q! g! I$ vFrom there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was
* C& E% g2 V, p# ahighly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring % p3 D" `9 o" [. r! ?' ]+ E
to Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
- c" T4 \+ q. [# uthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also   W$ l6 ~* y' P* h
used and is still used in Chinese medicine.
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# `9 `3 P. D! y% v8 ^* nThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez
( ~8 C$ k( \' f9 C* E: }7 HSemedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to
7 i8 _* G! W# e( }% n+ K& q* k* h4 mred amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde. / }. E2 f5 q$ B9 J* ^# M/ \
* O6 [0 E- L7 C
In the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835) 0 x; n% e5 p1 ?7 ~+ u: i
and Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng)
$ @' l# o* \0 n$ \6 ]Valley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow % b6 T/ O/ J/ Q  V- b) b
pits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the
' ]  J3 [* x1 F. G0 h“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep.
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% a* Z% d0 [$ iIn 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to
0 p# {7 k8 n1 ^7 IIndia . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to 5 E$ D: @4 t" G
Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of
' r) Z" a: h  X. T' n' A7 Unorthern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name 8 I7 @% ~, v& S8 q0 q5 }
burmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in ; X* ~/ P( a8 p  n
1893.
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4 _  `" r! G. K0 EIn the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the 7 q. `3 ]5 l8 ]# x2 E
Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also ( \! ]/ M3 z3 S0 L
internal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947.
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) S1 n3 C' o" N% R, n9 WCockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly
/ o0 A% _4 |% D: F  p6 v* wUpper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District 6 V# C( e; G' Y" F6 J
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the ; \! J6 Z7 ?5 J
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson
/ a1 g7 [2 e" W3 ]2 ]$ v(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as
9 E( O7 m' o4 \# q( v$ B4 SBaltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits.
' I3 a. P9 B  o: gChibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period.
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$ t; S' t' J" }1 I: oDuring the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the
) b- q' X7 K1 `# XJapanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the
- O  q1 [6 M* _2 n7 o7 Q, jconstruction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected 4 s9 h8 A) C; R' X# {+ F! |
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war ' B3 }9 F, \& e- f# W
material.
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& X0 v" P7 u( @& F# O# BSince independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin % O0 e. X3 C% _7 S! }
Independence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited
% }% G" ^/ N/ }  Z3 ]access to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
0 b7 X* O1 @5 c( X. \3 s& }name of the country. 3 J( g, P% w5 ?7 a& X1 \

, P/ O2 N3 a8 R7 s0 O! n9 pSince the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David . S0 Z7 ^6 s4 o; Q7 X& [* ^8 p
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part
4 |% z8 j4 M6 M8 I4 k( A* ]+ gbecause the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” ! }0 h& a) J; q$ X
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Leeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and
) a; [  {( z% s( a5 m' c. Nplatinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold 0 b$ m% ]3 ?! S  f9 U
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening 8 W4 H' _7 ], C% M/ o
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
0 n2 R. B9 e6 a3 `year. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural
( D9 p; _9 @: f  }6 VHistory in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a
6 s  k5 e2 p) K1 K( _, vscientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a
4 X! B: @5 r# R( @/ y8 {. x  M0 G# Y- Iscientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a , G' P2 V% a3 v
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous
5 O; ^9 @% F. g, mage.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from 5 Z" m, w# u& B. f2 {" Q
which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber.
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( l/ W& @* b5 [Since scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in - V8 C/ P0 [0 ~: T6 W1 O
burmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?7 S3 q' N4 f( I5 Y0 S6 {( V
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/ L: ^* W7 Q6 L血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?0 l* |0 R/ |9 p* V
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缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?1 w  I6 E7 F# k, `

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一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。
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; x) g6 \) N: d. ]( Y二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。: C, Q8 X) ~& R# L. F- s5 W

0 T2 w6 y/ t6 q三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。- I, n$ N. c3 I# U4 Z+ c4 L: V: R

& m* s( ?: s: s2 v: u4 \- ]四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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5 E2 u; L8 w5 M. o5 G/ J五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。! r1 u/ t7 y1 u/ ]$ M$ b, @
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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- M3 \3 ?: B4 W# h! B# z七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?7 h5 D, b/ y1 ?' o/ C. ~

/ `. a8 z  p: _3 u图片来自网上,一块金珀:
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) o" ^3 R& I" }* U 20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg / U; l9 v/ s- o2 h% e
20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑 : E; |8 `7 {/ f1 D

# u5 x& e0 T7 w- f' J4 W当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):. g% u3 J8 u: w. e
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珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:+ V2 t( z- p6 V, R4 ?# O

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/ v/ ?. d* u8 O- x, Z: \6 j 20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg
7 o) G3 i, K  q. `+ R5 _& W 20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg 5 o! L3 F& x% x* e( M6 s  f
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):8 |1 ]2 `$ e  E/ F+ {

% C3 `$ U* h  J  N接上。图片来自网上。6 Y/ h9 w% A6 Z, X
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20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
' v) s! V' P/ B5 X. x# N 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):+ _" ]3 j9 O, `6 o/ R/ O
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20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg
6 ~# x8 `; C! O  q  l 20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。& D* t0 b; w2 L1 g! R8 [: e! O) ?9 _

$ z- l0 k& ?( T& u3 a在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:
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20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料; _! r. F( t7 `  q* T1 i& y% Z1 k9 a7 J
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图片来自网上:
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20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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图片来自网上
+ t  _7 ~$ s. Z1 B# x  n4 z 20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
. d& v8 g1 T& q$ |3 R6 U# | 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:
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/ g; v; ^# o; `( h一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:
2 H+ P3 [; @6 E3 t) s; I/ f 20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg & t0 V9 p# e- o
20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛; G, h! i* h" _/ S
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缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...
9 B/ a# _7 F- U1 s' x5 ?, W4 k德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46

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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:, {; u% ?- l2 {- q/ B7 p3 k
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burmeseamber1.jpg
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