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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...! N' C' w, Y) s& E5 ?* p
meripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20
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9 `3 w) a+ w! {, {1 ^9 Q* |+ G$ c$ r5 x2 ]8 x3 d( S, m
    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史
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* I& V4 i- K# T  T& [' _& U(注意我标注的红色文字)
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6 r3 Q& d7 z! O, W2 ?3 p( a  q9 LBurmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
' y7 A1 g& o& M3 o# iState the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
  G0 Q6 z9 V5 C2 ^9 Eamber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China . ( v( E5 j" m6 L5 E9 B
From there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was
. O. C; c# C% s7 J4 a9 Z. u8 T$ Dhighly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring 4 Y  U9 _  i& e& }; m
to Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
4 B: }1 w3 e& @! }# vthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also   c# t% M6 E) Y/ P, O
used and is still used in Chinese medicine.
( W3 v- Y3 v" L' m% K) d! r4 L" y& N- `
The first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez ( v/ H" J+ Y! Q/ R# H- i4 M( i
Semedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to
$ {1 V/ z4 n' `# ?0 F& Pred amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde. 9 ~! a- H* n6 N

0 V+ Q/ ^- f; N) \% ~4 SIn the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835) 0 |9 o, J6 z- L6 F
and Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng) : A4 ~( ^4 I7 g# E6 s2 H
Valley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow
& j' F# R# g% a& c. r8 p' wpits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the & P$ o) J% K# I1 V2 H3 Y7 X( m$ v
“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep.
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8 n8 A+ |- o( ]2 I6 E  k& uIn 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to ; n8 G* c2 E- w7 b* I* m
India . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to
3 v6 b- m7 j2 n. FMandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of 8 q; z! z( s7 _3 P
northern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name
# a( P! ?4 M2 gburmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in
- X' ?# G, O4 F" _1893. $ I! n. p; `% Y2 q& _2 \4 q: c( i- l
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In the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the . f$ P" s3 t$ d+ E" D
Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also 6 `! k; L" j. W3 F" |6 a1 M
internal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947. : I, t, d  g' g  c( @# x

; T8 V: O& f$ M( J8 L( QCockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly , d& H, M. V+ b( n. w& P7 M2 ]9 X
Upper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District
& ^: F6 i( f0 G4 r1 ]7 |4 g' Vfrom 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the 6 q# m' \$ r% b$ P' g
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson % D$ d- F6 U$ D" `, p" _
(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as 2 e8 K+ m0 r' `  W; p7 ^+ v
Baltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits.
9 g5 q# J0 ~2 F9 @5 lChibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period.
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' j5 X3 l5 O: X4 _During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the : M8 m& B# K9 [3 J# S3 |
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the
6 R/ }9 A, }5 ^3 V8 o- F: Z* @7 \2 s( oconstruction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected 6 E" z0 g) m5 f6 J
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war
9 X" c. A1 J2 w2 m! Bmaterial.
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Since independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin 2 M0 J( y7 r4 b, l, S9 ^
Independence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited
& M. W( U2 l8 L* eaccess to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
  r5 g3 a0 u; r0 g# Bname of the country.
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Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David
( E& Z, _' o7 WGrimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part
2 K4 s1 R9 l: obecause the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.”
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Leeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and   ?$ C3 p( U* b  ]& F8 S
platinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold 6 C9 n  ?" P3 {6 R, ]) P
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening 5 |( R5 q& K9 r* p" L, m# r
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per $ j  k6 |/ ?* Y& ~, g
year. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural 6 J$ y" Y2 X/ g( Y. u4 }3 J$ s/ u
History in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a
& y) b- i& l$ ?4 Z, D- W! @scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a
. p) D/ h: Z6 W, _! z  u' cscientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a / c: f5 i9 S8 z3 b3 L- u2 S% e+ `
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous 8 M' C, p+ o& N" z* `3 g
age.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from / R0 P- p6 _" W, F$ ]2 y! {
which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber.
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0 r' \+ ?4 s, v3 e& e' u8 sSince scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in
  P& u6 p  P* Xburmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?: o' {- e& V: Q

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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?* E) R* D# M. q5 @  I: V
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缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?! c- ?" p8 H/ z" `# T

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一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。
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二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。6 Y* m$ \' }  ~- Q2 x: i8 L

, l* p; x8 v" U8 U  q三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。
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0 b. m2 R3 N9 X  e, I0 u四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。: z: b) _' {2 ], K8 f
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。, f' [8 x% e9 N

! a& ?) U. T* n8 m: ~, R七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?4 z" c- Z4 e- q8 A
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图片来自网上,一块金珀:1 n& |# h4 B+ X( R% s# M

; q/ ^& Q1 B. `3 \ 20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg
4 V; f# P- T* {" ?5 [. G 20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑
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当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):  d+ `5 {# w4 b9 E8 C

6 F, f4 X  j8 g' {0 k8 z9 o. C珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:
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8 f4 H/ x  w5 h0 E8 y 20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg
3 D0 j% s- Y; ?8 R 20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg , R0 J( e# K* s. E6 `7 b7 y8 _3 ~* b
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):; n+ i/ l0 J2 J
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接上。图片来自网上。
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. y- s) Y! C1 P0 r4 B 20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
3 R4 d; F/ n8 E, \; D3 n" ` 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):. E' N5 z. d6 ^$ i7 M. M# p5 k
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20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg & `3 v, V% d  X: n1 `4 \, }/ ~
20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。
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  B" t; g- c; t! t4 E5 k在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:. I) s; a1 U6 c, j2 {
20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg 1 i* D9 J$ i) O
20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料
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图片来自网上:
, ?3 d) ^( s4 n. l2 L+ U5 {5 K: [' l4 J4 t 20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg
3 n& Z, d) k! W  Z  d$ t- H 20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊; `/ C: T0 E) ^
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图片来自网上
1 B# f7 D' ]% t% k7 a! k 20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
9 }1 _3 ?; y. ?4 W$ A 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:8 Z! o1 |# f, N( H9 U
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一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:
: \, e; h& Z1 z8 k7 S$ Q9 b 20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg
4 B; T4 s& w$ b$ t( Z 20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛$ A( y8 a& g, F- l8 b  a" b

; h4 d0 d3 @2 I) W缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...
! y, M. s/ }- V德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46
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: U+ Q/ D$ B3 o$ t$ l% H. J再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:  t' W6 c/ N6 z# J/ q  q- V2 U& g

! \( T! `& k3 e" S burmeseamber1.jpg
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