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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
1 t9 N' a9 s! m2 N6 E4 n7 Wmeripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20

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    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史1 r1 I# b! l  ?# V
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(注意我标注的红色文字)
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Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
9 C5 }/ D/ q/ p) SState the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
. w! t. o  l1 famber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China . # k) ]* k) i+ x. I( \
From there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was
% i! a1 l7 k$ Q3 Q+ F/ e9 Lhighly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring - L2 ]" A1 v6 b; F6 ]. t
to Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two 3 }; o/ S6 X$ `; g
thousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also
+ k2 O$ `- D8 R) p7 fused and is still used in Chinese medicine. 3 E% G' a5 W; _4 ]& u

! g6 v7 l9 E/ _3 _4 AThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez
1 y: H( b. f) g2 @9 L+ tSemedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to
4 z; J  J5 l, |red amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde.
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% O+ z' a" g) X+ nIn the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835) 1 i5 G' ]  y7 Z  |1 C& v6 A
and Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng) / F6 X; q6 y8 \1 [$ R
Valley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow . H2 G2 R0 K) E: c* `. H3 r$ A
pits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the - f9 i. R3 f$ @
“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep.
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& w0 Y" ^5 H$ \3 k6 mIn 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to
% t3 z; J1 T8 ^& L8 fIndia . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to
+ X! z9 f7 O  p! e% F$ W/ h8 qMandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of
9 T. o7 D$ s$ M; S8 Jnorthern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name 6 f3 H9 l$ P0 I+ T: N4 g' d
burmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in
; E/ J/ g% h% k, ~$ \! T1893.
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6 B, H/ L, Y/ R1 ^# O( o9 i4 MIn the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the
8 L. s; J1 v$ @7 KSecond World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also 8 F9 i6 R) n' N7 C8 {% @: t8 Y
internal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947.   M6 ?( P# r$ b' k* y# S  |
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Cockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly
0 I; f& c6 B+ \6 d1 m; vUpper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District 5 F& p# O5 A; q) K/ k: J' m9 z
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the 7 }4 s' u* r" u6 @
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson 2 c% {& b/ v. x) `: l/ P
(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as 0 h/ ~1 N$ S5 Q, p9 Q8 I  I6 ~% H
Baltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits.
' K1 A  ]; F' h9 [$ J* S) cChibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period. 3 Y7 ~6 L& U" U2 ^
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During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the 7 p( Q" q4 b* \  k' G9 {
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the # P3 h4 M' \3 X! t. f: \
construction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected 2 Q7 e2 a% y" Z6 \0 T
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war " y% {: u# ~* I% i7 v# Q$ ]% x
material.
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Since independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin
% G3 @5 d( v5 m" GIndependence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited 3 j% {9 |! u) c0 j7 b0 K. G2 U
access to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
: N" D: `. x) ]! o( Dname of the country. ) n0 p. K, T! \! t

- O; f. f  N+ s- Y* ~& K5 ^1 @Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David 4 k; H! v; o/ i
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part
; E9 f# l5 ^$ p9 j; D% gbecause the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” , F# m# c  K$ t" `. R9 M2 J
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Leeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and 0 v. |/ t( I: S& Q  R
platinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold
' e0 E3 K3 D( S! ^+ B4 j4 Fprice, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening
$ _# }0 V+ w# y' F& j3 d: w% L! Z3 Othe amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
0 m: F* r" ]2 ?% I; e6 M8 oyear. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural 4 D+ D9 i8 {$ t% g' d
History in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a ! _7 |; c& d; T; t+ i: K8 a
scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a # o- ]% Y( {; q: T
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a
+ F6 p& f2 j/ Q1 r4 Adescription of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous 7 @5 h  g) ]( d3 o3 t
age.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from
# @; E  F+ t, E9 owhich commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber. 8 W" E/ E' F) U; j- ?# Y" A

; i4 U. n5 g# s/ sSince scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in 1 \1 D+ ^; \5 @: h+ @. c
burmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?9 m- N; p- @1 g8 U$ t
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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?. ~' E8 R9 `7 s( N0 T. C/ Y

4 m! D# M# c+ i: s7 x缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?3 t' ]' G& x$ y9 }/ d% Y4 P; I
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一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。: i; J, V1 s5 y8 D' ]

% H* ]1 f1 U) ]) s二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。
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9 C7 _# g) ^) `6 L6 ~9 d1 {7 s& {三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。
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四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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  f' r3 X1 _& H五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。
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2 z: \( L. X, j; _# e六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?& P* v/ ?- b- H7 k& C$ b

& ~( G5 _# @- M图片来自网上,一块金珀:( h, V  P' R7 P/ u

4 @9 e& q% ?( I3 W: ~8 a 20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg
' H5 F! y6 ]9 B4 | 20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑
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  p3 c5 M( o0 S当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):5 |9 ?4 _2 p3 z: U8 Y4 R' I& `
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珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:" L' n: b1 O# k8 q: Y0 R- J
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20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg 2 [5 [# E/ D9 c
20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg 9 P5 S& E6 m# P7 D5 i- K
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):
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接上。图片来自网上。
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2 A/ G0 n3 p5 {! |" Q8 I* K- t4 a; U 20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
  q4 ^+ L) C+ j- f3 b! Y+ t; G 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):4 [# t- e' I' J/ U- S# b0 h6 r

3 t: k+ W" t5 t 20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg $ ~$ ?, r7 s1 x6 c8 g
20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。: v3 k% d$ U6 A6 l+ _! U

" r2 e  B- _% o在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:5 s6 k4 e7 N  _: R$ k
20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg
% G% S) p* t5 k2 Y- A 20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料; T  l7 p; C" X2 d' y

2 s( D# f: w# j9 H图片来自网上:
# l) P% a& e2 p8 z6 l 20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg
2 `! P3 R' {+ G1 V7 [, S3 q% s 20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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图片来自网上. Y, N& m& B/ q) T
20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg : S7 v$ @0 P3 H( F# E( ~
20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:, d" F, \+ o2 J
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一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:* c1 `% L" J' U3 i
20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg ' O; O- p" K9 w
20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑 / S+ v7 b: B4 w' ~3 f/ [
缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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& a6 J  B* t$ E- D  N8 v# s缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ..., l: F6 e1 R( C! O
德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46
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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:
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burmeseamber1.jpg
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