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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
2 y* a, I& u2 C5 _4 g" l+ a. Tmeripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20
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% T* T% F; ]" r& R: J6 i' N  W; ~    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史8 r6 G# P7 h' g2 b+ |
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(注意我标注的红色文字)8 [* }  L# |/ t5 S0 J/ O

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% x8 a$ ?% q! wBurmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
7 D& h& o7 O( R8 j% P$ [* f! C% x* [State the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources ; X7 `' j! A, C5 g' G
amber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China . # ~; t5 C  U" Z4 k: E
From there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was / O# v6 e$ X. F  A) M
highly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring 2 N6 g. k+ f0 d$ o/ T% I
to Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
8 s* ^0 U6 ]. w2 t% c8 J4 Lthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also 4 {. z0 r/ O7 c6 G
used and is still used in Chinese medicine.
0 i) t, M3 r% P+ d3 E+ Q/ A6 o
, V* {4 w* q9 F- Z. [+ gThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez . b6 u# p( `2 t% p2 ?0 v, C
Semedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to ) r5 G$ J; {2 r" M/ [$ ~
red amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde. 6 @1 O9 A% P5 Q% b  ]# t
, x1 i0 m: A& `, n( P, u
In the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835)
2 f( p; L+ W- eand Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng)
6 o" {7 E5 o5 [! c, ~7 CValley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow
% a/ ]: l" O/ K5 Y' Q6 Spits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the
5 U: `& o8 M$ e3 \“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep.
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8 c5 A! B4 c; C( ]$ D9 ^In 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to
( i! Y3 J" V% [5 f. mIndia . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to
. H- u: E# a$ ]! ?" {, e. }Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of
( }( |# X1 z' @$ nnorthern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name * M' J5 g$ W3 r- R! f4 a& u
burmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in
: `& H* m; J0 }# n5 e3 S/ U1893.
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In the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the
' @8 |- y7 X6 e4 H5 \Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also ; U+ {7 ?. V* |7 C' z' p
internal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947.
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5 k2 i7 ]9 T) c" Y2 `2 `Cockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly
  W: _+ S' W$ Y+ c4 _: ~8 gUpper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District " v$ g2 O2 m% f8 f
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the 5 u: ^# L% z* q
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson ; {+ w1 ~7 P0 i3 L$ D; E3 T+ g. \
(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as
+ j$ N/ [$ M4 _* z8 i& L; ~% G5 _Baltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits.
+ Q, K2 {9 ^3 B4 U( {+ c. x, oChibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period. 9 h4 e3 Z+ p& i: g

( M: o3 G2 t3 B1 n( |During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the   X( F* r8 k  R: o+ ~! ?
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the
' ^  n9 N6 k6 o1 `construction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected
9 m1 D  k6 U! ?4 m5 S7 ?up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war   k% a! L. z1 M- T  d, C: b8 ^9 ~9 y
material. 5 @8 a' W' D5 c$ N) B0 j
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Since independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin
* x$ N. ]' u. U( l6 o& @: UIndependence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited ; a4 \* f- h7 ?. i
access to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
& o# e# F& x* b. `( f1 t* @" Z) yname of the country. * X: X- {1 ^" c2 T; O; m

8 \3 ~8 q/ [. P: t# C' t5 |+ a2 |Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David
5 g  U& F; e: c3 q! EGrimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part ' J) O  u* v0 ^7 K- h+ l0 ~
because the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” ) s  B2 z* C0 T
& S) L9 E9 X8 ^2 p# M! A# e+ n
Leeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and
+ M2 g) a- Z: @3 r/ d3 bplatinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold 2 A1 T7 L( g' l8 X5 V
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening   }& P9 t' i% G+ d3 G. Y
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
: _- j9 E5 z% q. \+ v8 jyear. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural 3 W! x/ n8 o$ s3 j4 l0 y) V
History in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a * S1 t/ m' L, Z. l+ ?
scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a ; a+ d. M  M! N
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a # v7 T' B& {* e/ Z) m7 b9 {; J
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous 1 m% I) ~4 |8 }1 |. j
age.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from & I- q, N# ?+ K, O+ h+ c
which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber. : s& k9 y2 S; Z5 B4 M& }

0 L1 s! t, ?) zSince scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in
& p$ h: @, }( Y' U8 o# r0 sburmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?2 Q0 R. l  M# B* I4 e7 F
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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?- \% }) `( I5 z) @
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缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?
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8 g+ \' t8 g9 p8 r4 w- a, B一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。
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! k& [  Y7 k% y! H二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。6 _) S; e3 y6 |# K

9 R: a9 B  Y5 j7 z  k# W. {! f' f0 W三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。; [9 I2 }7 W" o% N& c" Z: m/ G7 u
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四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。4 ]) k% B+ S5 M- x1 H$ S. M
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?
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图片来自网上,一块金珀:
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20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg
0 D  p8 X" z! g, h& G+ f3 f 20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑 ' U; p8 O; A* R9 p# W3 _

; }! d2 S" F) u* J( b; o当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):
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珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:
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20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg / i( I# L3 p, ?0 X, U+ g
20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg / f* x2 i) U/ S: L& Z, @
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):
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$ Y8 r! c! l5 t接上。图片来自网上。
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* e9 f9 L. ?' X; i( d) s% I 20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg + c( @! |1 ?" B4 m. w/ v
20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):" \5 p  E" |" ^; t; v! S" e
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20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg
+ p9 q. g) k6 F 20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。
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在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:
+ n  R' T2 C& u2 q3 a 20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg
, m5 |$ a2 ^& i# `5 } 20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料# t( C4 F/ V/ O+ M8 R
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图片来自网上:& G: \1 l+ x. E4 S( P6 ]8 D
20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg 8 t2 i" _  R8 S7 \$ V1 d
20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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. V; k" d, Y/ Z: j图片来自网上4 b) ]6 U4 a% C# z" y0 s: \
20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
/ W3 p! l4 R$ W8 o- z( g# m 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:& M) ?% n0 j- b! i4 O( I' X; p

. T$ {; [; |4 Q一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:5 {1 W2 D& C) H5 P0 `
20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg * E4 g( X. @5 T
20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑 0 R# J" n. d8 `. H+ n, C
缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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) b) T! A2 F, a& A( h+ T2 L% Y缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...
& H% ~3 n0 N. ~& f, Z德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46

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$ j3 H/ }2 ~  W* V+ O" B
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# R4 ]- F0 S* h; M# [8 F3 }- Y再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:
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9 \( d" x. F: [# W  ~ burmeseamber1.jpg
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