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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...8 p+ E0 p2 [' |( T
meripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20

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# P: X) {. F3 C6 u    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史6 r( F8 M! k* C! I9 h

4 c. B) s9 R' m* T(注意我标注的红色文字)  l4 w7 l" F) ]& T0 r

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Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
9 y+ p# O0 N- ]) rState the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
( B2 @6 ?1 h1 Z" P9 x# Qamber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China . % A8 J) h- s+ n$ I2 _
From there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was # B9 o* w" k6 _/ [% Z' `: Y
highly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring
4 @' A4 W+ A8 ^0 Eto Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
' `, \0 n: y# T4 Fthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also 2 o9 a- j0 g& O2 ]
used and is still used in Chinese medicine. - T9 H" H* T, H

# V) p. v0 Y2 _$ K+ SThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez / E; S0 z4 D3 n7 v
Semedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to 2 c1 e0 f1 r+ v9 [$ Q
red amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde. + O; m  v  \% B
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In the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835)
# O6 T8 l7 b$ \7 ~5 \and Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng) * i- i6 q* |+ H2 N7 R- d+ u" C
Valley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow
, H/ A1 t' F, Y( |  cpits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the , _: C# U, S2 R' }3 ]* h1 u/ |2 U( A
“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep. 3 J* h  ^2 m3 e2 M) @" T

$ S5 P% v0 S* q; S4 A+ [In 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to 3 I# j- I; p8 w6 }
India . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to 4 V) w# m* f+ |- F+ D
Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of 5 l; `! O) S9 _' h# L
northern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name
, }' L- _( @& s" o9 d8 |burmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in 2 D, S. i! V6 P) l8 p2 n: C
1893.
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8 E" N* p' C; A8 B: ~, PIn the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the
  {- y  p/ o  a* lSecond World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also
7 S7 p  c9 }& n7 Z; ^! b9 A; u9 Winternal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947. ; Q! n* C$ C8 W+ O  h8 B* m' X
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Cockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly % A0 U( h9 ?( L6 _& P; S+ f% @
Upper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District   g2 r7 n$ I4 y2 T% f* Y
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the * ]# n2 U3 s! z+ k: O& `9 Q% t
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson
& }  k  V: p% _& w6 T. y; U0 O' f(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as
5 Z2 r5 f! K0 i, d* }5 F7 EBaltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits. , V" l% r4 b4 Q5 f+ ?
Chibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period.
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During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the ! b) r. D2 Z. H3 m. V2 {
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the 3 a% o$ H+ C4 }3 y" r
construction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected 0 E: Y; G" W0 u5 {
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war # P; c( P$ o8 v* ^) ]  y
material.
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7 b" `3 J, `1 f- zSince independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin
' ^* g7 D2 W. ]: R- C" m; D1 DIndependence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited
1 r1 O; L5 r) Waccess to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
# l. Q$ D+ _* mname of the country.
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" }8 H  I! [: Y* w9 F2 LSince the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David : _4 @0 h) p2 Q* m+ X; l! J' p" |
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part 9 j' e- J+ ^- r7 z& ~% _
because the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” ' O* U8 N9 g- \* @$ E

4 P- K5 g- h0 m# n1 I& f* xLeeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and 9 O* l9 t9 x. G% W& i
platinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold - P5 l+ i4 _* A% |4 N
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening
0 [& ~, h/ q: T6 c* Qthe amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per - g+ F2 d, d1 C0 W4 {
year. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural
7 o3 [8 M/ Q! l3 bHistory in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a $ W& T; g4 P! B' @% n$ d
scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a ! Q6 |& q2 h6 d, @
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a , D+ v3 z- g5 ~- W6 e/ \4 }
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous
+ G" C  n9 |% Uage.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from 7 |0 V  A; U# m0 u% N
which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber.
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Since scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in " Q, G# x4 o  X# g) L: D$ D4 n3 I  H
burmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?- h% O* M# P2 B! L5 O

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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?9 M: h, _- Y' l/ @2 }; q4 D9 L& q

7 |" L! Z$ ^7 q3 {$ G缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?
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一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。4 U9 C7 t9 X1 Q. ]6 K; ~! h

9 U# Q0 K* C' h) ^' e二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。
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; z9 r8 N( h) O/ E三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。
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四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。* d* B% ]8 W0 N- Y+ Y8 n
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五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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4 `- ~" }3 v1 t% t+ k$ M6 i7 F7 E; m+ ]七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?# c) V  ^, i. d3 z, v

( p/ I6 T" ~& J( p" n% ]/ ?" n图片来自网上,一块金珀:
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20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg 4 l* h, x9 r% y( `
20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑
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当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):' c( z8 o) D  P8 f; S

( J& d, i( q+ a- @/ i珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:
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; j, k) G$ l5 M: S 20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg
8 }! x3 G  f+ N+ q% g4 h 20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg 9 z; X4 m; s6 o6 Z2 J
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):
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4 s7 o7 ^8 x6 B3 A( a2 Y接上。图片来自网上。
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20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg " z4 v# c/ V8 O. b8 |
20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):
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% z3 b+ r9 z# S! h8 N 20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg 8 Q8 T- H. H: x) F
20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。6 V9 o  e0 ?. l( c! V/ `# q7 v+ F
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在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:- h5 O9 q8 }1 `  y5 _1 a
20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg - T4 V6 p# _& x  x) I: |8 z1 j
20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料
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* J9 Z7 r, W/ T# V图片来自网上:
5 M% `+ g" @; w9 `9 `, x. Z+ k& s 20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg * z+ A4 @8 Q5 J5 V+ a( I
20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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图片来自网上: {) Z( P5 @8 v
20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
9 K* T4 @4 A( ]+ j9 s% ?) U 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:% A$ S2 S& H$ P8 o
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一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:
; ?8 a8 S+ @! R0 D% Z. w 20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg
# L" S6 X4 i' E3 M 20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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$ M8 P  p% v% J$ h5 s* W缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...  F7 ^9 i1 l) t2 F- G
德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46
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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:9 L5 W( f( H& A% [1 c
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burmeseamber1.jpg
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