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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享.../ }$ h* a. t% G  \+ e6 F
meripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20

& [4 q, E1 H' a, H$ K' i0 C: t& e7 A1 l4 {1 W. X0 |% y

9 t2 W: @! v; z( s    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史
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Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
# A% A% B$ T! q. E  D6 `State the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
/ S; Y2 c* R$ n; x# \/ `; mamber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China .
3 y' G' s1 e/ A; bFrom there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was % l# ]# V: S) d2 d: t
highly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring
% ]7 x5 C7 W! B7 q* G$ s$ [% r) jto Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
! H- v8 J0 @& |& l; `4 a) e8 y% _  ]: nthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also $ q3 Z; A) {4 N# d% p
used and is still used in Chinese medicine. 8 S% b* L, T' \. {+ Q2 s* Y0 _

, m& U1 x1 L- SThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez
: H0 x2 a$ m8 K6 B1 XSemedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to 4 ?7 M5 C; x6 s5 \
red amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde. # U; }. h, J5 a

% D" G/ z  N6 |, _) n# Y9 AIn the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835)
. f  R, b, w* E# @! U( }. Fand Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng)
( s8 G0 t6 L7 \- }2 H" o$ zValley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow ) l: J2 C/ }1 v- [6 _
pits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the 3 S8 J/ V! E3 H! [' w6 r
“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep.
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& a+ J. P( [2 C6 @  eIn 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to
4 B# v  Q2 P' yIndia . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to . i+ |- {) \3 c# ~
Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of ) s7 r/ b) [- L; l
northern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name
, s$ f5 o2 p- s* u, O& mburmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in
  g+ U. L7 |3 c( c: x, B3 I2 {: Y1893.
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, l( |6 W) R% c) BIn the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the . ], F/ ?2 T" A
Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also % q) {4 d& |* t# }! n( q" o+ u1 a
internal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947. ( W, N6 U2 W  ^- G6 i) A

3 j1 h2 b( m0 T. tCockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly ) U% e  g" _  l' s9 T) Y6 t
Upper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District - u$ A9 k! N6 y5 s- {4 j6 U
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the 0 V% j8 V1 E  K7 p. m* c) c7 I
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson
/ b8 v: f5 p. g7 _$ ?% _(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as 8 z6 X+ i- P  O
Baltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits.
2 A& _+ \0 K* g1 g/ R% L5 N1 UChibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period.
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During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the 5 u) [, P3 P2 B2 c' a' E$ L
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the
# V* T% s; ]7 k( h1 x7 Rconstruction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected ! R, H# H; h, J. P; O" L
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war
) \' W5 Q  Q  j+ w; Xmaterial.
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3 c5 l) Z6 U5 M4 Q9 _% z0 mSince independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin 9 P/ t: G3 P3 z! \2 t1 h4 Z# }0 \
Independence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited ' x5 Q" t, V- P# m2 i; O4 O5 j9 ?
access to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese / J* J, V$ s+ Q( K4 |% q/ I
name of the country.
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Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David 8 o6 R& t% X( G- B$ O, W+ V1 @
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part
" q+ n( r0 W: R0 j2 @because the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.”
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7 m" |8 J& \+ Z6 YLeeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and
' ?/ K9 i& f: m$ wplatinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold   Z+ K; l% r3 e* E' _/ N3 \9 x% |
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening * i$ r  A( E) y
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
2 V+ C$ c: j9 Yyear. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural
5 f9 m! M+ {% U+ g4 x/ SHistory in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a
' e0 X0 J- T! j! G7 `scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a 0 Z/ |1 j8 d# Q
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a   P, A0 v# K2 j4 B7 m
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous
/ R" U8 j0 G" I5 i! Z3 X* rage.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from
8 R% e! A& t: U) s/ B) p/ ^which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber. , B% J6 Q' G; e3 p
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Since scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in
8 K2 X  O  k+ x  wburmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?
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. Z, _: a. d& c! N/ z7 p8 h$ L$ W血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?3 r( E; k" o: Q" E! y

6 Z& i8 f* c! S: R+ E7 W' n缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?/ V0 g2 y0 s+ B
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一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。1 h3 [; Q. t" F

& z+ B" w3 c4 B$ \+ ^5 c# M二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。4 u/ ^* _" }' k4 j& b% [# w, w
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三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。! S  X& y- V4 G

7 |7 f5 {$ _9 f2 E2 b9 R四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。3 D9 v3 O9 B- W) j
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五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。+ t0 o/ r& d+ g+ q+ _5 Z0 B8 |

' [3 a2 L$ ~( x1 c六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?, u  {, N' x- \9 }

8 R. \1 D+ c4 `6 @8 H/ [5 D6 C2 `图片来自网上,一块金珀:* P9 T7 M5 x. M* `# j: [: F
6 j. A$ D3 b9 ]
20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg & j, F5 m- P! B& S7 m
20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑 $ Y5 z# S+ b: a0 K' ]: B+ c

; A% U; Z8 S3 T$ q( X& x当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):
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; ~( a- }# u6 P: }; A; Z珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:8 ~2 F; O' E3 d* M$ V
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20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg ' a6 A4 Q& J# U1 n) t
20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg
: @2 r" e- H' F/ c+ d 20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):
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接上。图片来自网上。- J4 W6 _+ U& y

3 O8 J% ?; \0 P, W9 B  J2 \8 f 20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
  A# k# t2 Z* Q( } 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):6 [: Z: Y& n. ~1 Y+ U" F
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20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg 9 L0 D! [1 I. |5 C1 P8 N
20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。7 x, F9 y; r, r0 x4 @
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在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:! q$ z* Q% t7 U, q/ `, u
20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg   I$ p- K2 f% W8 B* C! ?+ w
20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料
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9 a/ ?. r8 b  m. w图片来自网上:5 f$ f* b  e3 ~$ m5 e- H" f
20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg
& O$ d& |( j, z' [* ] 20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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2 N* Q: t) w( O' J* L图片来自网上% M. N, n# u. P% K5 Z
20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
% D* P9 G% @, v. o( a  d; ? 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:# Y. @8 M; m# \7 R, _- J6 Z

+ r5 j0 J0 L$ B; X! t, C, l一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:7 {$ m. d& T* o' p, y; l
20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg 8 }. w/ S4 A7 T/ n9 t9 u3 x3 w
20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...# U5 n' l& ?  d7 s, v2 [( ~9 B
德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46

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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:
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burmeseamber1.jpg
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