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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
, H8 s+ q9 _. X$ b2 T2 A6 _" o# K; Smeripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20

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) Y( F% W. N% H$ x    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史, I- A/ }7 b; f# d/ A# q$ S4 }

" \+ k0 D8 h2 {8 M- }1 S# O(注意我标注的红色文字)
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Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin
& D3 l" m  P( ^8 b  MState the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
  ~, U! G0 w" `4 Camber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China .
3 s3 w% b" l6 WFrom there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was
& V3 C* ~  ?! ^! N: [highly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring ) v$ U2 w) L% v! b" i: U
to Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two
; A5 Z8 G3 H, \9 t2 m; l5 r+ qthousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also , N- P  k9 }% {' K. J
used and is still used in Chinese medicine.
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. m9 u+ k; l) J9 n& cThe first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez * t# M# g$ ]4 R3 w
Semedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to
$ }* x- u) s* B! D! Jred amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde.
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In the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835) 2 v' P/ {/ d3 P, B: l7 A7 [
and Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng)
# y  h' \7 h- c5 gValley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow $ \5 u6 W; a. G9 W# t* f' A
pits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the
, q4 C" G+ P; U7 T" a# L“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep. 0 d; x4 Z3 S6 [( I
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In 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to ; `! X5 ]" P; {5 e: c! l; U9 x
India . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to
6 {+ j* o6 S0 Q5 g+ Z, _Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of ; j$ c* R% Z) X' ~1 I
northern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name
. f4 r- y% w7 e4 C7 Mburmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in   T8 \  t* H# b* K
1893.
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In the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the + _+ j1 j+ C3 q
Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also
* Q0 ~+ z. ]) Z: O" F- Vinternal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947.
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2 h2 U/ |7 c( S0 qCockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly 0 _; J6 f* f& O: }8 g
Upper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District + _/ X0 s+ l# Q6 g
from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the 1 ?" M' [' |: A5 E& s" |+ l
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson - f" \5 s/ K: T2 Q" ^( s
(1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as
2 g6 ~. ~2 v; G1 b  dBaltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits. 0 D( r- y5 P! h* e2 m: n6 P
Chibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period.
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  G9 l- m* ^& m% H2 K% fDuring the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the 6 q# ?* S1 S# g0 S% c
Japanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the
2 j% i3 v6 k9 O2 m" }) L% \construction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected 4 L1 S6 H+ k9 P- B9 @0 \- g
up with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war
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% H2 {# g7 A) e" M/ uSince independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin
* g  l$ S4 i. k) N& _Independence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited
3 z1 v* I4 K1 q& u, s- kaccess to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese 9 \8 e- F! m6 Q
name of the country.
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Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David ( c; h" P3 j  W
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part $ c' ]$ J3 g0 v( S* `: ^
because the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” ( W( T4 h- w3 F( c" }3 T

8 m8 l$ D0 p6 p% Q6 {$ GLeeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and 9 V& n. ]- k; ~  o$ t. s
platinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold 5 w' s9 j5 }( l  \9 I) E4 c
price, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening " B. w9 v& Y7 k$ N& ?
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
& J9 [) p% d! V+ Z3 Q% Eyear. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural 7 Y7 ^; _( P; O9 U4 h! V3 ~
History in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a
9 e. S* G% n8 |! @scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a 9 ]  K/ R) t8 L; W
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a / u/ j& b' j8 v$ a8 z3 W1 X
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous
5 d( K) a8 _/ Dage.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from
; m* w. Z0 g2 M. l$ }which commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber. " `* Z! a( G) k" N# K2 R! P
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Since scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in ! ~  x6 p! g8 ~4 X$ E
burmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?
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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?6 V. R& O- C  u: o" V. d4 K- C3 g$ @
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缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?
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  d  Z1 n2 n' n0 R( e3 m1 o一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。
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* ?- ~! q$ r1 \7 x0 U4 Z5 U二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。
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, E" T- ?6 t  f' t三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。; z8 v! N! i# f# v4 ?

6 _" c  D6 y  G2 i3 `四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。" n* @* E3 V$ B* _
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七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?
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2 X$ I- o: K9 U- C图片来自网上,一块金珀:
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, F% ?4 ]% m( U: ^ 20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg 8 f; X& N6 _* t
20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑 3 B2 K. d' R- r, ~! l& X  C
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当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):/ V. o% s6 Y* U% @( b

$ \: G. K% m4 R0 a, u珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:5 m7 f! o' {7 y6 C; n2 Q, C- z

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20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg
( p4 h; n; m5 r" w/ Z9 p 20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg 8 y( v6 b* H$ W4 v' s2 V9 J0 X1 i
20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):! h4 f( }6 I3 x; ^+ i

' C0 g  }5 K5 C接上。图片来自网上。
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20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
- c# [( W4 k/ V. W. h; [+ ` 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):
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20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg
3 ]7 R, ], {4 ]/ S 20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。6 {; \* w9 j( J& @; C
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在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:- y2 I7 V, R" R% S/ u6 i+ q
20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg - W0 N" L0 [0 y" Z. |" ?
20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料: f+ P9 Q' P4 H/ Y' w# r2 h
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图片来自网上:( b4 o1 a( _8 h5 I5 L% e* W/ U- d/ D
20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg 2 r& L# r  J  e8 f' E
20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊
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图片来自网上! F2 [1 m( ?+ R7 h9 _7 i/ |2 ^1 a
20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg
6 I' D1 n( Z3 p+ a/ { 20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:
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一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:, ]1 L3 o! f/ m
20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg
7 v9 g/ s& z4 W2 {* _# [+ Y 20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...
) Q( k- A* b% g2 |德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46
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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:
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burmeseamber1.jpg
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