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缅甸琥珀的相关知识集锦(欢迎大家补充)

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发表于 2011-1-14 04:20:54 | 显示全部楼层
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:27:21 | 显示全部楼层
精彩...持續關注...謝謝分享...
! s6 |2 D7 k) f$ d0 d8 umeripihka 发表于 2011-1-14 04:20

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2 l- A8 K9 U6 a$ `8 e5 S$ ~    感谢支持!
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 09:35:10 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀简史9 P& x: o7 a+ h1 y% {

7 Y1 s5 W: z* p4 }+ E& u(注意我标注的红色文字)& S3 i4 e+ ?2 ~  s) t
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Burmite or Burmese amber has been known since the distance past. This amber is from the Hukawng Valley in Kachin 7 y" D: g$ L* O9 |4 Q
State the northenmost state in the union of Myanmar formally known as Burma . According to ancient Chinese sources
9 @5 i0 {3 X5 _7 R! T: yamber from the Hukawng Valley was mined as early as the first century AD and shipped to Yannan Province in China . # H6 U0 `/ A  _  C: c
From there, burmite may have found its way along the Silk Road as far west as the Roman Empire , where amber was
  O3 G6 ?' T! w! Z. S1 Y. bhighly prized. It is said that that a good piece of amber was worth the price of a slave. The oldest written record referring
. y, L: h0 o$ Y0 k; x: kto Burmese amber was in the Annals of the Han Dynasty (205-265 AD).
Thus, burmite has been known for about two 7 j2 Q2 H; W$ |
thousand years. Much of the exquisitely carved Chinese amber has its origin in the Hukwang Valley . Amber was also
/ l) _* H( A) K# C, Uused and is still used in Chinese medicine.
5 ?$ D: a7 e7 }1 B  s6 f1 d  x/ ^6 `! A- V9 M; g; P8 `; H, x+ h' ]
The first mention of burmite in the western world by a European was by a Portuguese Jesuit Missionary Father Alvarez 8 K9 |8 y$ B- D& c
Semedo in 1655. He noted that red amber from Yunnan Province in China . In 1738, there is another brief reference to 8 ~  Z: k9 x2 m& J% x* S1 y/ s
red amber from Yunnan Province by Du Halde.
$ Z5 L- V4 f. N4 k: u$ D  S5 q. T3 o3 E8 v
In the 19th Century, there were a series of reports about the location and mining of Burmese amber By Brester (1835)
+ w! n+ g4 l2 P# oand Pemberton (1837). Captain S. F. Hannan was the first westerner to visit the amber mines in the Hukong (Hukawng)
5 I  w5 ]3 Z% ?) ~Valley. He described the primitive mining method utilized by the miners to recover amber consisting of digging shallow & u( F. [3 U, a& i& Q) Y) K
pits with sharpened bamboo and wooden shovels. Description of the amber mines was given by Griffith in 1848 from the
; Y  p; d* q5 g% ^) T2 [; {/ }“Hookhoom” Valley. Some pits, he observed were up to forth feet deep. 2 |) m  X/ Y+ t6 G( r/ t

; X- D" \7 D7 U+ M" M* cIn 1885, the British invaded and conquered Upper Burma deposing and sent into exile the Burmese Royal Family to
! A. I, Q6 v6 M9 u. q/ R! T5 ]! y9 q# VIndia . Burma became an annex of India . With the arrival of the British the main trading route in amber went south to 8 Y; K! A/ n) o9 |5 N* d
Mandalay rather than to China .  The Geological Survey of India sent Dr. Fritz Noetling to evaluate the resources of 7 O5 e! [) T, z! s$ @
northern Burma in 1892. Amber recovered from the Hukwang Valley was examined by Otto Helm who gave the name ; U; o3 H4 b/ D  L8 h( M
burmite to the amber from that area. Noetling also noted the presence of insects in amber thought to be from the area in
# P( @( z1 o1 F0 v2 X% g, _  L/ H; ~1893.
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! p" j3 M; d# ~4 j- i2 fIn the first half of the twentieth century, scientific study and production continues until 1939.  With the advent of the & c4 e8 }) r8 L' k6 D; h5 P
Second World War, both the production and study languished until the 1990’s. This was due not only to the war but also
) w0 ^8 y  L5 w5 c. finternal turmoil within Burma following its independence from Britain in 1947. 1 b# R7 W  K$ T( o5 h1 q! a

0 M: ?! p& B8 A6 W1 E  Q& JCockerell (1917) published the first scientific paper on insect inclusions in burmite. He considered burmite to be possibly # t$ n  c+ f6 s) T
Upper Cretaceous in age.
The Indian Geological Survey published yearly production figures from the Myitkyina District
/ V# |7 @  y3 W( G! {& Y5 P8 ^from 1898 until 1940. During this period a total of approximately 82,656 kilograms of amber were produced from the & R! q9 \! O5 k1 ^* @( t' l
Hukawng Valley . Scientific papers during this period include work by Stuart (1922), Cocherell (1922), Williamson
6 Q7 j! S1 s9 g. ](1932), and Chibber (1934). These authors concluded that the age of burmite was Eocene or about the same age as $ H; f* H- _) i2 A& N
Baltic amber. This interpretation was based on a single observation of limestone debris dug from one of the amber pits. $ s' R, L1 u" Y
Chibber (1934) contains the most detailed report of the amber mines in the Hukawng Valley during this period. 2 E" a+ e& a; j7 v  I, f$ C6 m
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During the Second World War there was much fighting in the Hukwang Valley between the advancing allies and the
' b: p+ H0 b! r' u; S/ q$ VJapanese Army culminating in the fierce battle for Myitkyina  the capital of Kachin State in 1944. The war also saw the 2 G" Q  l& X3 i2 n2 ]% L8 l
construction of the Ledo Road through the Hukwang Valley from Ledo in India to Mytiknina to Lashio where it connected
9 N  D4 ~# x, i% B4 k2 Rup with the Burma Road to China . This road provided a back door to supply China with desperately needed war
8 k7 w% W2 a. h7 u9 S0 j) _material. % [* d7 ~! L; a) M5 p- T

5 D( H5 n2 r0 g" G* y/ o% f# jSince independence, Burma has been racked by internal insurgencies including fighting between the Kachin
; A+ b3 o1 f, ^3 iIndependence Army (KIA) and the government. It was not until the 1990’s that a peace treaty was signed and limited + {9 [/ o: Y; V+ t8 E0 Y* G- i
access to the amber mine was possible. In 1989, the county was renamed Myanmar , which was the original Burmese
8 I' e. V3 Q# `/ c8 tname of the country.
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Since the beginning of the Second World War until recently there was been a sixty year hiatus in production. Dr. David & y! g# J& b4 A; a% b
Grimaldi comments in his book on amber published in 1996, “Today, burmite has almost legendary appeal, in part
' a# R7 [0 d* Sbecause the deposits are no longer mined and the supply is generally not available.” 1 D  P& `6 O# Y1 r7 k

5 }3 Q% u" _2 O+ R) \) y% Y0 ]Leeward Capital Corp., a Canadian Mining company began exploration in 1996 in northern Kachin State for gold and
; {7 ~' J. Z+ P3 Jplatinum. With the collapse of the junior mining market due to the Bre-X Scandal in Indonesia and the drop in the gold
; X9 n# @: O7 r5 o# I* f2 pprice, this exploration ceased due to the lack of funding. In 1999, Leeward began to evaluate the possibility of reopening ) X: m: S' O  {: i
the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley . Limited production was achieved in 2000, and is currently about 500 kg per
: B; t! P5 Z8 v2 @year. The initial 100 kg gathered in the first two years was sent to Dr. Grimaldi at the American Museum of Natural
$ [1 P  D% P, b) yHistory in New York for scientific study. In 2000, Zherikjin and Ross of the Natural History Museum , London published a & Z, M0 P" X' n7 B2 Y
scientific paper on burmite in which they determined a Cretaceous age for burmite. Grimaldi et al (2002) published a " G4 G- |; K7 j& S2 x) ^
scientific paper confirming the age of burmite as Cretaceous. Also in 2002, Cruichshank and U Ko Ko published a : L# r4 F! I0 b5 S2 l$ R2 K+ T! ~
description of the amber mines in the Hukwang Valley giving the amber a an Albian or uppermost Lower Cretaceous
4 H2 V9 }% C: a: }: Z9 lage.
This dates burmite as at between 100,000,000 and 110,000,000 years old. Burmite is thus the oldest locality from
8 n/ D3 }5 x7 Z3 L3 O$ Swhich commercial deposits of amber can be mined. Leeward remains the sole exporter of this rare and precious amber. 5 _' `4 D/ [1 U4 X+ h* I: Y6 L: |
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Since scientific study of burmite began, there have been numerous scientific papers on the unique biota found in 8 D- w/ n! O& o) }7 c$ ~6 H
burmite. This book illustrates the diversity of animal and plant life preserved in this ancient amber.
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:01:18 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀磨后表面偶尔存在龟裂一样的裂纹,这是怎么回事?
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血珀磨后的原石上有一层浅浅的、像大龟裂纹的纹理,这是缅甸琥珀氧化中的产物。在磨制的过程中,打磨如果不彻底,氧化层磨的不净,就会留下这种情况。如果血珀表面有点这样的龟裂纹理,有利于区别烤制的琥珀,也是缅甸血珀的重要标志。如果血珀外表全是这种龟裂纹理,说明打磨的不够(打磨少有利增加重量)。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:02:03 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中,金珀贵还是血珀贵?
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! v0 V) t% N! b0 ]; b/ t, y缅甸琥珀中,100%透明、无杂质、无裂的,每块15-20克以上的琥珀,目前的价格都贵。最贵的是金珀和血珀,但是血珀价格要高一些。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:05:34 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀和抚顺金珀如何区分?& b: \; a0 B8 b- w% x
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7 k# v6 h; u2 L+ d一是看色彩。抚顺的色彩饱和度高,桔黄色的多点;缅甸的浅黄多点,虽有桔黄色的但其内多有杂质。9 m" H" L. w5 E3 f# L

+ p! k# J! b5 m) y二是看泛光。日光下,缅甸的泛蓝紫,蓝绿,鲜艳的紫红;抚顺的强光下泛墨绿,一般光线下紫色。  |2 s1 v5 E8 q3 }
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三是看内含物。缅甸的有橡树毛,孢子囊,由斑点组织的流纹,方解石浸入的裂纹和纹理等。抚顺的没有这些东西,有棕色纹理的像液体流动造成的,有杂质那是植物纤维。) m: N# w7 u7 m" w9 M& U* S1 t+ M
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四是看硬度。缅甸的硬度稍高,脆性大。
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% m, a5 B) t, Y& n- v3 E$ e/ J五是看荧光。缅甸的是明亮的蓝白,白色调重,荧光中有时有条状的流纹。抚顺的是稍暗的蓝白,蓝色重,有时偏点绿色。荧光中有煤皮留下的黑斑。4 ^4 b! d7 @# [8 J  S' W$ q
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六是看偏光镜。缅甸的七色光幅宽,色彩明显。抚顺的七色光幅稍窄。
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七是看手感。缅甸的粘手,抚顺的滑。
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:11:48 | 显示全部楼层
顶级的缅甸琥珀什么样?$ E* I% k! V4 `; A) X

# B; {5 R' j" {. |% k/ G图片来自网上,一块金珀:: c* Y- s& ~( d& u4 m

/ _# z+ v, m3 Y$ F 20100910_8f0467d488300a5cff9clSHjHp15n8ou.jpg
7 |% A# n7 g/ R* ^  u 20100910_e7f65dd3b708678281cb2wvSPSI8f8Ot.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:41:05 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 10:43 编辑
7 t1 a- B6 O( U" X: w( j, P% P  H4 E3 X7 O" E. P8 a- ?" Q# D/ ~
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(一):
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. f, ?5 M. g: [7 K4 ]5 e% ?! j珠子都是手工制作,珠子大小不均匀,但是也很有特点,显示了原生态的味道。下面的照片来自网上:, u" K' e7 J- e( C

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0 S7 A; [" J# q  P4 Q5 d 20100715_e6ba136dd51cd56ba2b5vJs9x2phaa5Y.jpg
9 I# w; `4 p0 A( p6 x 20100715_331970650823fa9dab13iuXZPXdtscHy.jpg
; ?: s- C) D* X/ ?1 \9 y- g 20100201_899d147888a2c0a3fad75H1kCNDgZYhT.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:42:45 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(二):1 Q+ m; v- R" i4 D' y
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接上。图片来自网上。
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20100820_37d08739a5da265a9d56p7vECnXCoBlf.jpg
: w) J2 ^6 L2 P2 V 20101202_2a3b746ec149e63471adZI5Y0MtRVj0T.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 10:47:49 | 显示全部楼层
当代缅甸人加工缅甸琥珀的手工工艺(三):: I. M5 }/ [6 t9 H3 \/ U& N3 l: `  c

; R. p  W; r7 H 20100917_adc840f822af728c617bjRUeWFOQtjrn.jpg 4 |3 i  M) d0 m: U
20100917_3d7b77d76c78fd0ae429s6lpB2EEiVMb.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:00:49 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸血珀的两种毛料。, f# b8 X) {. i0 s, W) i
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在缅甸琥珀毛料中,缅甸血珀毛料的皮子最厚。很多料子,即使借助强光手电,从表面也看不到里面,无法判断透明度和净度。所以,买血珀毛料“赌”血珀是有风险的。但是,也有一些血珀毛料,从表面可以看到里边,这种就算品相好的了。当然,价格也不底。现从网上找到了两块较好的血珀毛料样品图片,发上来:
" W7 P1 [( n7 w6 L 20101122_d65262994249bb3618d2xu4ApkxNozZ8.jpg 0 y" M1 C% l6 T
20101122_0c42f3a6412ce6641321cQYwJjYTFPj9.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:20:16 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸金珀的两种毛料
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图片来自网上:9 _  q! x6 s! C* J7 L
20100906_6ad4c50d300c59cd35f3n56zk7qDXpOB.jpg
! @$ C, q$ B; r 20100820_814d756705a6fbb9f41drUpbRUi2rc52.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:22:05 | 显示全部楼层
缅甸琥珀中最少的品种:蜜腊: t! D% w+ o, [$ w3 e( l
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图片来自网上
: o  F" {; ~8 `* r 20100723_68644e423f99bc283618HTeP9jMfNi7a.jpg . u% m: A; a8 p" X* S
20101011_b3c0f70f00728512f22bBZFdSrI6RM9W.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 11:24:11 | 显示全部楼层
品相较好的缅甸琥珀裸石:4 {. ^, u/ j6 a- K4 f' n

' q- S/ O1 @' Q+ s7 ^2 u一图血珀,二图金珀,图片来自网上:
# y/ u& {. e* c. z2 q9 h  @ 20101019_24093373d4ba8e226d7dY0AXC4P1SmYf.jpg
: _& o) d. n! s6 f, [1 i 20101019_b182c5c1c262f0ec95a4hShb8H9ZpY2G.jpg
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 楼主| 发表于 2011-1-14 14:59:54 | 显示全部楼层
本帖最后由 德道 于 2011-1-14 15:02 编辑
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缅甸琥珀的传统工艺:缅甸耳烛
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缅甸琥珀耳烛,因为外形像蜡烛,又被人称为缅甸蜡烛,它是缅甸少数民族( ...5 a1 g* I* Y0 t. H% k
德道 发表于 2011-1-13 22:46
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再补充一个图片,耳烛如何戴的:
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9 g( {$ P8 V7 m burmeseamber1.jpg
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